Make Your Own Flash Paper (Nitrocellulose)

Make Your Own Flash Paper (Nitrocellulose) In the event that youre a science devotee with an enthusiasm for fire or history (or both), you most likely should realize how to make your own nitrocellulose. Nitrocellulose is otherwise called guncotton or flashpaper, contingent upon its expected reason. Entertainers and illusionists utilize streak paper for a fire enhancement. Precisely the same material is called guncotton and might be utilized as a charge for guns and rockets. Nitrocellulose was utilized as a film base for motion pictures and x-beams. It might be blended in with CH3)2CO to make nitrocellulose veneer, which was utilized on cars, airplane, and instruments. One fruitless utilization of nitrocellulose was to make false ivory billiard balls. The camphored nitrocellulose (celluloid) balls would now and then detonate upon sway, delivering a sound a lot of like that of a discharge. As you would envision, this didnt turn out well in gunman cantinas with pool tables. Its far-fetched you will need to make your own detonating billiard balls, however you should attempt nitrocellulose as a model rocket fuel, as glimmer paper, or as an enamel base. Nitrocellulose is very simple to make, yet make certain to peruse the directions cautiously before continuing. To the extent wellbeing goes: Any convention which includes solid acids ought to be performed by qualified people wearing legitimate security gear. Nitrocellulose can't be put away for extensive stretches of time, as it bit by bit breaks down into a combustible powder or goo (which is the reason numerous old movies have not made due to the current day). Nitrocellulose has a low autoignition temperature, so get it far from warmth or fire (until you are prepared to enact it). It doesn't expect oxygen to consume, so once it touches off you can't extinguish the fire with water. In view of every one of that, heres how you make it. Key Takeaways: Make Nitrocellulose or Flash Paper Nitrocellulose is an exceptionally combustible polymer. It is otherwise called streak paper, guncotton, or glimmer string.All you have to do to make nitrocellulose is treat cellulose with nitric corrosive or some other solid nitrating specialist. The cellulose can emerge out of paper, cotton, wood, or other plant matter.Nitrocellulose was first made by Alexander Parkes in 1862. This was the main man-made plastic, which was named Parkesine.While helpful as a plastic, nitrocellulose is similarly well known for its combustibility. Streak paper consumes promptly and leaves no debris buildup. Nitrocellulose Materials Christian Friedrich Schã ¶nbeins system has been broadly utilized. It calls for 1 section cotton to 15 sections corrosive. concentrated nitric acidconcentrated sulfuric acidcotton balls (practically unadulterated cellulose) Nitrocellulose Preparation Chill the acids underneath 0 °C.In a smoke hood, blend a balance of nitric and sulfuric corrosive in a beaker.Drop cotton balls into the corrosive. You can pack them down utilizing a glass blending pole. Dont use metal.Allow the nitration response to continue for around 15 minutes (Schã ¶nbeins time was 2 minutes), at that point run cold faucet water into the measuring utencil to weaken the corrosive. Permit the water to run for a while.Turn off the water and include a touch of sodium bicarbonate (preparing pop) to the recepticle. The sodium bicarbonate will rise as it kills the acid.Using a glass bar or gloved finger, whirl around the cotton and include more sodium bicarbonate. You can wash with more water. Keep including sodium bicarbonate and washing the nitrated cotton until gurgling is not, at this point watched. Cautious expulsion of the corrosive will significantly upgrade the steadiness of the nitrocellulose.Rinse the nitrated cellulose with faucet water and permit it to d ry in a cool area. Smidgens of nitrocellulose will blast into fire whenever presented to the warmth of a burner or a match. It doesnt take a lot (either warmth or nitrocellulose), so dont become overly enthusiastic! In the event that you need real glimmer paper, you can nitrate normal paper (which is basically cellulose) in a similar way as cotton. Science of Making Nitrocellulose Nitrating cellulose continues as nitric corrosive and cellulose respond to deliver cellulose nitrate and water. 3HNO3 C6H10O5 â†' C6H7(NO2)3O5 3H2O Sulfuric corrosive isn't required to nitrate the cellulose, yet it goes about as an impetus to create the nitronium particle, NO2. The main request response continues by means of electrophilic replacement at the C-OH focuses of the cellulose atoms.

My philosophy in nursing Essay Example for Free

My way of thinking in nursing Essay My way of thinking in nursing is to maintain the respect of my patients during their powerless period of scarcity, care for the patients truly, inwardly, profoundly, and intellectually; current convictions and qualities that I attempt to maintain for an amazing duration. As per Chitty, reasoning is characterized as the investigation of the standards fundamental direct, thought, and the idea of the universe (p. 318). To decide my way of thinking of nursing care I needed to reexamine my convictions and qualities. see more:my reasoning of life My qualities are found out from my self-awareness, inclusion with loved ones, and regarding others convictions and assessments. My convictions are that advanced medication is an extraordinary method of mending through research and innovation. I accept patients mental and physical wellbeing needs ought to be assessed and treated if important by a medicinal services group and care groups. As a component of the group, I will think about the patients and their families during upset occasions. I will function as a backer to complete, as far as I could possibly know and abilities, the basic consideration to give the best involvement with social insurance that every patient and family merits. I think nursing care should be all encompassing, supporting the entire person,â that is, the body, brain and soul (Chitty, 2007 p. 312); I feel that is the thing that characterizes us as medical attendants in the human services field. It is the medical attendants duty to fuse our insight, abilities and accessible assets, so we can improve our patients personal satisfaction. The American Nurses Association, ANA, characterizes nursing as the insurance, advancement, improvement of wellbeing and capacities, anticipation of sickness and injury (Lance, 2007, p. 11). I attempt to join these components into my nursing work on; rehearsing my calling with care, sympathy, and mankind. Having the option to identify with individuals of various societies and foundations will permit me to associate with a more noteworthy assortment of patients and families. I originate from a region where there are individuals from an assortment of social foundations, financial status, and diverse profound convictions and we as a whole get along. We get to know each other and their families are tolerating. These encounters were expected to give me the information to give elevated nursing care to patients and their families. I have confidence in the significance of proceeding with instruction in nursing. To keep giving capable patient consideration, it is critical to stay instructed on ebb and flow research and proof based work on, keeping licensures and affirmations ebb and flow. As indicated by Randell, Tate and Lougheed, it is essential to reflect what we do as medical caretakers so we continue learning (p. 62). This permits patients to get top notch nursing care. I will endeavor to apply my nursing theory to my nursing practice by proceeding to reconsider my convictions and qualities as I develop in my calling and as an individual. I will proceed with my instruction planning to progress in my nursing practice, yet proceeding to recollect nursings all encompassing perspective. This will permit me to think about my patients and their families all the more successfully. I will keep up my own physical, mental and enthusiastic wellbeing, so I can keep giving the best consideration I am fit for to individuals out of luck. REFERENCESTC REFERENCES Chitty, K. K. (2007). Proficient Nursing Concepts Challenges (fifth ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier Inc. Recovered February 16, 2008, from University of Phoenix Library. Spear, K. (2007). Medical caretaker life care arranging. _Virginia Nurses Today,_ 52 (2), 11. Recovered February 16, 2008, from Ebscohost database. Randell, C. E., Tate B., Lougheed M. (2007). Emancipatory instructing learning reasoning and practice training in intense consideration: exploring pressures. _Journal of Nursing,_ 46 (2), 62. Recovered February 18, 2008, from EBSCOhost database.

Rioters Recommendations for Emma Watsons Book Club

Rioters Recommendations for Emma Watsons Book Club Emma Watson has launched a book club on Goodreads as part of her  work with UN Women and anyone who has a Goodreads account can join. Its a wonderful idea: a global feminist book club where books can be discussed and enjoyed by equality-minded people. The first book that is being read is My Life on the Road by Gloria Steinem. Forging a global sisterhood is one of the biggest challenges of feminism, but perhaps it can be achieved through this medium if the right books are read and the discussion is properly moderated. With this in mind, Rioters have come up with suggestions of what books Emma Watsons book club should read next. Jamie Canaves  recommends Florynce Flo Kennedy: The Life of a Black Feminist Radical  by Sherie M. Randolph: Perfect as a historical read and because of its relevancy to our current times on an incredibly accomplished, at the forefront of the feminist movement, interesting and kick-ass woman. (While being reprimanded for unladylike attire in the courtroom she pointed out to the judge that he was in a dress.) Notorious RBG: The Life and Times of Ruth Bader Ginsburg by Irin Carmon: Fascinating woman. Fantastic book. The world could be a better place if we all regularly asked ourselves WWRBG do? Jessica Tripler recommends We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie:  This is a long essay adapted from Adichie’s award-winning 2012 TED talk. In it, the Nigerian novelist defends the use of the term “feminism” as opposed to “humanism” and explains the problem of gender in way everyone can understand. It has to be great if every 16-year-old student in Sweden is getting a copy! Susie Rodarme recommends   Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston: I remember being blown away by this book when I read it in my early 20s. It both opened my eyes to the oppression of women of color and also to the oppression of women in general in a time when so many people were claiming that women already had equal rights and could we just shut up about feminism now? Janie’s story of regaining her power as a person and a woman is one we can all relate to. Trans: A Memoir by Juliet Jacques: Feminism has a long way to go when it comes to properly including trans women. I will say that baldly. Exposure to stories about trans women will help a great deal in correcting this and Trans is a great recent pick that has been getting a lot of buzz. Hannah Oliver Depp recommends The Dept. of Speculation by Jenny Offill: The best novel about modern artistic womanhood and motherhood (its sister novel being Afterbirth by Elisa Albert). Having shared this book with many women at different phases of their live, it’s appeal is massive yet its focus is narrow. Our narrator dreamed of being an “art monster” and finds herself a wife, mother, teacher, and ghostwriter dealing with bed bugs, infidelity, and kids school politics. Rather than going the route of mommy-farce, Offill delves into the mind of our art-monster mother with short, descriptive, and sensory-filled chapters that show chunks of the many aspects of her life. It is a womblike story that is somehow filled with the cold reality of birth. No one can get enough of this slim and powerful book about female identity. Negroland: A Memoir  by Margo Jefferson: A great book about the changing roles of women, African Americans, and politics, this would up the intersectionality of any book club. Part memoir and part look at Respectability Politics, this book gives a glimpse into the lesser known world of affluent blacks and the pressure to be beyond perfect to be treated with the usual amount of respect. Jefferson is a great cultural critic and is able to tie her own familys journey into the story of America’s discomfort with/ requirements of “successful” black people and the internalized self loathing brought about by this pressure. It’s especially notable as it relates to the already absurd expectations of perfection associated with womanhood. Nicole Froio recommends But Some of Us Are Brave: All the Women Are White, All the Blacks are Men: Black Womens Studies edited by Gloria T. Hull, Patricia Bell Scott and Barbara  Smith: This books title and content pretty much encapsulates the problem with white feminism and the lack of intersectionality in mainstream feminism; where can black feminists stand if social movements have historically excluded them? The bravery is to push for intersectionality, to campaign for attention where none is being paid. I would like to see Watson pick this book because it emphasizes some of the privileges she has as a white woman and it would be amazing to have thousands of people around the world reading these perspectives.  What Can a Woman Do with a Camera?: Photography for Women by Jo Spence: This  sounds like a really specific book that is just for women who are interested in photography, but if we think about how easily we snap photos with our camera phones nowadays, we can start to see why this book could be a valuable read if done en masse. Spence argues that photography can empower minority populations across the world and gives directions on how this can be done. If the aim is to practice feminism globally, I think a book with some guidelines or instructions can be really useful for this book club.

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Howard

The surname Howard possibly comes from the Norman name Huard or Heward which derives from German elements like hug heart, mind, spirit and hard hardy, brave, and strong. While the origins of the surname are unclear, it is theorized that it holds an English background from the Anglo- Scandinavian name Haward with derives from Ol Norse elements like hà ¡ ‘high’ varà °r meaning guardian and warden. Huard or Heward is also thought to be one of the origins of the Norman-French personal name of the Norman Conquest of England in the 11th century. Additionally, there is a background of the surname Howard in relation to Irish with Gaelic notations. Howard is the  70th most popular surname  in the United States. One popular alternate surname spelling is Hayward. Discover genealogy resources, famous notable people, and three other possible surname origins aside from  English  below. Surname Origins Several possible origins for the Howard surname include the following: Derived from the Old Germanic name hugihard, denoting one strong of heart, or very brave.Derived from Germanic term howart, meaning high chief, warden, or chief warden.From hof-ward, the keeper of a hall Notable Persons Ron Howard:  American actor, producer, and director who got his start on The Andy Griffith Show and Happy Days.Dwight Howard:  American NBA basketball player playing center for the Houston Rockets.Bryce Dallas Howard:  Daughter of the film director Ron Howard and actress known for her role on the show Parenthood, directed by her father. Genealogy Resources 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Howard Family Genealogy Forum  Search this popular genealogy forum for the Howard surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Howard queryFamilySearch - Howard GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Howard surname and its variations.Howard Surname Family Mailing Lists  RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Howard surname.Cousin Connect - Howard Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Howard, and sign up for free notification when new Howard queries are added.DistantCousin.com - Howard Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Howard. To look for the meaning of a given name, use the resource First Name Meanings. If you are unable to find your last name listed, you can suggest  a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings and Origins. References: Surname Meanings and Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German-Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Theory Of Interpersonal Communications - 1491 Words

Introduction One of the most dominant theories in the field of interpersonal communications is Uncertainty Reduction Theory. The Uncertainty Reduction Theory was created by Berger and Calabrese in 1975. It is a communication theory from the post-positivist tradition, it is the only communication theory that specifically considers the initial interaction between people prior to the actual communication. Have you ever been invited to participate in an activity and you did not know anyone there expect for one person? Or have you ever received a task but received little information on how to complete it? If you have then you did not know what was expected of you and therefore you were unable to predict what would happen. Because we must face†¦show more content†¦Iowa State University stated that â€Å"the general principles underlying URT apply to most, if not all, human communication.† (2015, pp. 5-6). There may be some that have issues that the URT can apply to most, though it says if not all, but someone may feel like they may not apply the URT in their daily connections with others. Substantive Discussion Throughout this research there are not a lot of negativity about this theory. The theory has been criticized but all the critics find fault in only two areas of the theory and that is that assumptions and its validity. Many believe that the assumptions of the theory are imperfect. Some believe that if one building block of validity is wrong then the theory is in jeopardy. Which Berger has admitted some validity problems in the past, but is not willing to give up. Despite that many seem to be in agreeance with the theory and what it entitles, they all agree that this theory would and does work if applied correctly. It can change how many people communicate on their first daily encounters. One article shared that â€Å"despite these shortcomings, Uncertainty Reduction Theory remains the only communication theory to specifically examine initial interactions.† (West Turner, 2017). Before, we shoot down a theory, because weShow MoreRelatedCommunication Theory Of Interpersonal Communication Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesProposal: Applying Communication Theory to the Study of Interpersonal Communication Marriages in the United States is at an all-time low, while divorces are at an all-time high. One may wonder why is that. Some couples are divorcing because of irreconcilable differences. One could ponder if divorce is a solution due to a breakdown in communication. This proposal will determine if communication theory can be applied to interpersonal communication to create a lasting relationship. 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How Was the Piece Received at Its First Performance Free Essays

Explore the circumstances surrounding the composition of the last movement of the Drum Roll Symphony. How was the piece received at its first performance? Haydn wrote Symphony 103 (nicknamed the Drum Roll Symphony due to the long roll on the kettle drums at the start of the 1st movement) in the winter of 1794/1795 during his second visit to London. The success and popularity Haydn experienced in London during his first visit made him eager to return, along with the demand from Salomon that he should compose 6 new symphonies that Salomon himself would conduct in a series of concerts. We will write a custom essay sample on How Was the Piece Received at Its First Performance? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However this trip, which was planned to be in the winter of 1793, was postponed due to the reluctance of Prince Anton to let Haydn have a second leave of absence (during this time there was much unrest in Europe). Haydn contented himself to stay in Vienna for a while and finally left for London on January 19, 1794, arriving two days after the scheduled first concert Salomon had promised him. Haydn’s visit to London was highly anticipated by the public and his fame meant he spent time in the highest of company including The Prince of Wales and the Dukes of Cumberland and Gloucester with whom he performed chamber music. These social events did not get in the way of his compositions and he produced a flood of music including his last 6 symphonies (it is thought that he had decided earlier that he would compose no more symphonies after his return to Vienna). This can be seen in Symphony 103 which was his penultimate symphony. While in his first visit to London he adjusted his style to please the audience, he was now sure they were on his side and so his last six symphonies aimed to push his listeners. They were more complex and overall were on a grander scale than his previous symphonies. Symphony 103 has many unusual features in it which shows Haydn’s interest in exploring the boundaries of his composition. Symphony 103, like a lot of his other works, has influences from the traditional music he heard during his 30 years working as the Kapellmeister for Prince Esterhazy of Austria. During the summer the family, and so Haydn, would spend time in their summer palace of Esterhaza which was in Hungary on the border with Austria. There, Haydn became hugely interested in the local traditional music as well as Croatian folk songs which he heard from people living in Croatian ethnic enclaves found on the east border of Austria with Hungary. These influences can be heard throughout the symphony, with the 3rd movement using some of the unusual Hungarian rhythms and the last being based on an old Croatian folk tune, which is first played by the violins after the horn opening, called â€Å"Divjcica potok gazi† which means â€Å"the little girl treads on a brook†. The song melody lineHaydn’s adaptation for his symphony While the earlier movements were meant to challenge the audience, the last movement of most of Haydn’s symphonies was a lively, dance-like piece which would be light and undemanding (at least for the listener! ). Haydn clearly had this in mind when composing the last movement of this symphony as it is full of energy and variety with varying polyphonic and homophonic texture. However he did still use new ideas such as giving the bases and cellos a separate line in some parts which had hardly been done before. He also took advantage in using a clarinet which was a new instrument in that time and had only been used by him once before in symphony 102. This symphony was performed in the fourth of the Opera concerts on Monday 2rd March 1795. This was not where the symphony was originally meant to premiere as Salomon had planned it to be part of his own concert series however Salomon suddenly had to pull out of doing his own series due to being in financial disarray. Be that as it may, he agreed to that Haydn could perform his new symphonies in the Opera Concerts, in which series he himself frequently appeared as soloist. The new concerts were arranged on the largest scale known at that time. The performances took place every two weeks starting on Monday 2nd February 1795 in the great new concert hall of the King’s Theatre which seated 800 audiences, more than most of the other important concert venues. Viotti was the artistic director and Haydn shared the conductorship with Vincenzo Federici, who for three years had been accompanist at the Italian opera in London. The orchestra led by the violinist William Cramer and comprised of no less than sixty players which was one of the largest orchestras seen in that day. Haydn himself was thought to have played the fortepiano in this premiere although this is now usually left out of performances. The piece was played, as requested by Haydn, in the second half so it could show its superiority over the other works played in the concert. The symphony was a complete success as the Sun wrote â€Å"HAYDN’s new Overture was much applauded. It is a fine mixture of grandeur and fancy. † The Morning Chronicles reviewer also wrote â€Å"Another new Overture, by the fertile and enchanting Haydn, was performed; which, as usual, had continual strokes of genius, both in air and harmony. The Introduction excited deepest attention, the Allegro charmed, the Andante was encored, the Minuets, especially the trio, were playful and sweet, and the last movement was equal, if not superior to the preceding. † It is said that the second movement was even encored. The symphony was later played again as it was so popular however before Haydn introduced to Vienna he made a cut in the final. This cut took away the modulation into C flat, which although stood alone in this movement, was hinted at in the 3rd movement. This cut made the Finale tighter and conductors have kept this cut in out of respect for Haydn. Overall though this symphony showed the genius that Haydn was in being able to turn a simple tune into a complex and demanding symphony and paved the way for him to be known as â€Å"the Shakespeare of music†. How to cite How Was the Piece Received at Its First Performance?, Essay examples

Mercy Killing Essay Example Essay Example

Mercy Killing Essay Example Paper Mercy Killing Essay Introduction James Palmer Jason Witt Writing 2 November 11, 2010 Mercy killing is it justifiable? There are many perspectives on the issue of mercy killing and if it’s justifiable. Mercy killing is the killing of another human being. As this issue is closely monitored we see that, euthanasia involves the ethics of doctor’s practices, and many other problems that may come up in this controversial issue. Three main perspectives are mercy killing is not justifiable for any reason, mercy killing is justifiable, and mercy killing is justifiable to a certain degree. The mercy killing issue has been brought up in many articles. Some articles are pertaining to military personnel. Other articles are according to health circumstances. Also some information can be gathered throughout several cases in federal and lower courts. These articles seem to come more frequently though when wars appear. When the most recent wars, the Iraq and Afghanistan war came about there were several articles publis hed about this very issue of mercy killing. First of all, we see the different sides of the issue, as is related to mercy killing, euthanasia is one such word strongly used. Euthanasia is used to describe mercy killing it is interpreted by the following: â€Å"Euthanasia is the act of killing someone painlessly (someone suffering from incurable disease)† (Word net web Princeton). Involuntary euthanasia is â€Å"euthanasia conducted without the explicit consent of the individual concerned† (Word net web Princeton). The medical dictionary term for euthanasia is â€Å"the act or practice of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or an incurable condition, as by lethal injection or the suspension of extraordinary medical treatment†(Medical-Dictionary). Mercy Killing Essay Body Paragraphs Mercy killing is a decision many people face today. Throughout the years there have been cases within the military with this very issue, and cases involving other people. Some of these cases that come up a lot involve military personnel in other countries. One instant would be a military person shooting a kid due to them being impacted by an IED bomb. The military person kills the boy to put the boy out of his misery because the kid is slowly dying. When the military person returns back to the United States he gets court marshaled. A story in 2005 that was in the newspaper was about a sergeant in the armed forces that killed a Iraqi teen due to the teen being burned alive in a bus, he was beyond the stage of help and was screaming the sergeant felt sorry and put the teen out of his misery. There are many stories like the above that have been published throughout the years, but they all seem to come to the same conclusion â€Å"unethical† and jail. Is what the military person d id okay? What would you do if you were in the military personnel’s position? We may ask ourselves what do we as humans believe is justifiable? What do we believe is ethical? Do we believe we can play God, who should live and who should die? As we look into this issue we see more cases not just in America but in many other countries. Americans see this as unethical especially if this is done to a civilian even under the circumstances. According to the military there are rules of conduct one must abide to while on foreign soil. Abiding by rules of conduct means military soldiers are liable in which they are court marshaled when returning to the United States. These cases have been going on a lot especially through the Iraq and Afghanistan war. The first perspective on mercy killing is that mercy killing is not justifiable for any reason. If we look at this perspective, we see that all life is precious and we do not have the right as humans to choose who lives and who dies. When someone is dealing with situations according to death, people think our love ones have no right to make life ending decisions for the individual. What happens if the individual that is suffering is rich and the loved one wants the individual’s life to end in order to accumulate the wealth? We see that this could influence the decision to kill the individual, which is an unethical reason. We also see under military circumstances that killing a civilian under the circumstances mentioned above is unethical because citizens from that country might take it as Americans want to kill people. We also see that it is unjustifiable because of doctor’s ethical values. Doctors are held to high standards and in their professions there suppose to save life at all cost and to do everything in their ability to keep their patients alive. So even if there is a possibility that the patient won’t last, they are supposed to do everything they can to keep the patient alive as long as possible. If a doctor lets a patient die, than that act will be questioning their medical practices. So we see that this perspective to mercy killing is unjustifiable. We see this as a very good point, no one a can play God according to who should live and who should die. We also see that doctors can’t possibly allow the individual to die because they would be questioning their practices. The second perspective we see is that Mercy killing is justifiable. We see that mercy killing is necessary in some cases. Such cases are life threatening diseases which cause the individual to endure horrific pains. This is when mercy killing should be legalized for legitimate circumstances. When someone is in so much pain and knows they’re going to die they should have the right to choose to die if they want to pass away early to stop the pain they should have that right. Many people have been diagnosed with Stage four cancers and have been in hospitals for months waiting for a mira cle a sign of hope in their dark hours. Many people have had tumors, blood diseases, and many other forms of incurable body diseases. People take life for granted today we don’t realize how lucky we are to live each day. Others are unfortunate and die younger but this is life, when one life ends another begins the saying goes. We need to think what is best for the patient suffering what he/ or she wants. How long must a loved one wait lying in a bed helpless in excruciating pain? This perspective believes it is when the person feels like he/she can’t tolerate the pain. No one likes pain or wants to endure pain at any level. We need to think about that and consider what if we were in pain what would we want done? What would be the right thing to do? The third perspective is, mercy killing is justifiable to a certain degree. As we look at this we see that some believe that mercy killing may prove useful in certain situation. Although how can we determine what the situati ons would be? How much pain do they actually have to suffer from in order to be killed in humane way? Should we entrust another human with another human’s life? This side of the issue believes in mercy killing but at same time dislikes the idea. They are caught between the ethics of the situation. So as we look at the word ethical we see it means the right thing to do, how do we determine what is the right thing to do? Everybody has a different perspective and opinion on things how can one possibly agree? We have to really examine all possibilities in order to decide what our choice will be. We have to examine what degree is justifiable. This perspective is hanging on both the other perspectives it is touching the issue but using the other two perspectives to justify their perspective. When we look at how the United States, they kill people on death row by lethal injection. So why can’t we do the same to others? The United States and other countries have over the years done many things to kill people on death row from hanging, shooting, torturing, drowning, and many other things to kill these violent people. Although over the years the United States have narrowed their mindset to lethal injection. This theory is due to the public believing that lethal injection is more ethical instead of the other above listed ways. So as we look more into this area, can we use lethal injection for mercy killing to those whose lives are at stake? Why would it be okay to have mercy killing justifiable to people on death row but not to the people that really need it under their circumstances? We see that mercy killing is allowed in death row and that is justifiable to a certain degree according to the people of the United States. So the United states could try to use the above as a option to the families who’s loved ones are suffering and in the greater circumstances it would be justifiable to enact mercy killing. In Conclusion, we see that there are many pe rspectives to if mercy killing is justifiable? We see that mercy killing is not justifiable for any reason, mercy killing is justifiable, and Mercy killing is justifiable to a certain degree. Mercy killing is a very strong and controversial issue in our time. As we think about it our society and government has changed a lot today from years ago we frown upon ideas such as gay marriages, legalization of marijuana ect. We have to realize that we can’t just push these issues under the rug because they will keep on coming back. We have to look at these issues and be proactive and do something about them. At least come to an understanding among the different points of view of the issue in order to come to a valid conclusion together. With ought coming to an understanding all sides will be unheard and the issue to will prolong. I agree with all sides no one is completely wrong and no one is completely right. Every perspective has their strong points and every perspective has some b ad points. The real Strength about the perspective will come when they choose what they will actually do about the problem pertaining to the valid issue. Euthanasia is something we the people of the United States have been left with for a long time. We need to come to a resolution since there are so many perspectives as you can already see. No decision will satisfy everyone but a decision must be made. We know America is not alone many other countries face the same issue. The only difference we can make is what we will do as the body of the United States to come to an understanding about the issue. Work Cited Albertson, Tory. â€Å"Counterpoint: Euthanasia: Mercy Killing or Murder?. † Vanguard University of South Alabama (2010): 1. Web. 15 Nov 2010. . â€Å"Newspapers:Mercy Killing. † Times 16 August 1966: 1-4. Web. 15 Nov 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Mercy Killing Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mercy Killing Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mercy Killing Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

3 Cases of Sentence-Composition Confusion

3 Cases of Sentence-Composition Confusion 3 Cases of Sentence-Composition Confusion 3 Cases of Sentence-Composition Confusion By Mark Nichol It’s not only quite possible but also quite common for what initially appears to be a well-written sentence to turn out to fail to express what the writer intended. Readers may be able to understand that intent, and may not even notice the error, but confusion is likely. Here are three sentences that don’t quite say what the writer thinks they say, followed by discussions and revisions. 1. Jones teamed up with another future Hall of Famer named John Smith. This sentence literally states that Jones’s name is actually John Smith; â€Å"another future Hall of Famer named John Smith† implies that the previously mentioned person shares that name. To eliminate this distraction, simply replace name with a comma: â€Å"Jones teamed up with another future Hall of Famer, John Smith. (Alternatively, change another to fellow and delete named: â€Å"Jones teamed up with fellow future Hall of Famer John Smith.†) 2. Gillian Anderson was offered half of David Duchovny’s salary for the return of The X-Files. Here, the take-away is that half of David Duchovny’s salary was taken away and offered to Gillian Anderson- obviously not the intended meaning, which is that Duchovny was paid twice as much as Anderson to return to the television series. The fact that Duchovny’s salary is mentioned only for comparative purposes should be emphasized: â€Å"Gillian Anderson was offered half of what David Duchovny was paid to return to The X-Files.† (Alternatively, write â€Å"Gillian Anderson was offered half as much as David Duchovny was paid to return to The X-Files.†) Note, too, the rewording in each case of the end of the sentence, which originally was written as if to suggest that she gave the series back in exchange for taking half of Duchovny’s salary, rather than that in exchange for reprising her role in a new edition of the series, she is earning half of what her male co-star is being paid. 3. I managed to pinpoint the location of his first housing development, but finding the first house he built was about as easy as locating men who worked on his construction crews. To compare one difficult task (finding the first house a housing developer built) with another (tracking down his contractors) by writing that one was as easy as the other could confuse readers. (As it is, only the counterpoint conjunction but provides a clue that the second and third objectives were a challenge to achieve.). For clarity, replace â€Å"as easy as† with â€Å"as difficult as†: â€Å"I managed to pinpoint the location of his first housing development, but finding the first house he built was about as difficult as locating men who worked on his construction crews.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Wether, Weather, WhetherThe Writing ProcessDrama vs. Melodrama

Upside-Down Question and Exclamation Marks in Spanish

Upside-Down Question and Exclamation Marks in Spanish The upside-down or inverted question marks and exclamation points of Spanish are unique to the languages of Spain. But they make a lot of sense: When youre reading in Spanish, you can tell long before the end of a sentence whether youre dealing with a question, something that isnt always obvious when a sentence doesnt start with a question word such as quà © (what) or quià ©n (who).   Upside-Down Question Marks Not Always at Start of Sentence The important thing to remember  is that the inverted question mark (or exclamation) goes at the beginning part of the question (or exclamation), not at the beginning of the sentence if the two are different. See these examples: Pablo,  ¿adà ³nde vas? (Pablo, where are you going?)Quiero saber,  ¿cundo es tu cumpleaà ±os?  (I want to know, when is your birthday?)Estoy cansado,  ¿y tà º? (Im tired, are you?)Eso,  ¿es verdad? (That, is it true?)Sin embargo,  ¡tengo frà ­o! (Nevertheless, Im cold!)Pues,  ¡llegà ³ la hora! (Well, its about time!) Note that the question or exclamation part does not begin with a capitalized letter unless its a word that would normally be capitalized, such as a persons name. Note also that if words not part of the question come after the question, then the closing question mark still comes at the end:  ¿Adà ³nde vas, Pablo?  (Where are you going, Pablo?)Pablo,  ¿adà ³nde vas, mi amigo?  (Pablo, where are you going, my friend?) ¡Eres la mejor, Angelina! (Youre the best, Angelina!) If a sentence is a question and an exclamation at the same time, something for which the English language has no good written equivalent, it is possible to combine the question and exclamation marks in ways shown below. The Royal Spanish Academy prefers the usage in the third and fourth items:  ¿Cà ³mo lo hace! How does she do it? (To translate the Spanish well, this might be said in an incredulous tone. An alternate translation might be I dont see how she does it!) ¡Me quieres? You love me? (The punctuation may indicate a lack of belief in what is being responded to.) ¡Ã‚ ¿Quà © veste?! What are you seeing? (The tone of voice may suggest What in the world do you see?) ¿Ã‚ ¡Quà © ests diciendo!? What are you saying? (The tone of voice may indicate disbelief.) To indicate an extremely strong exclamation, it is acceptable to use two or three exclamation points but not more:  ¡Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¡Idiota!!! (Idiot!)Es imposible.  ¡Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¡No lo creo.!!! (Its impossible. I cant believe it! Word Order in Questions Most questions begin with an  interrogative pronoun  such as  quà ©Ã‚  or on interrogative adverb such as  cà ³mo. In nearly all such cases, the opening question word is followed by the verb and then the subject, which will be a noun or pronoun. Of course, it is common to omit the subject if it isnt needed for clarity.  ¿Dà ³nde jugarà ­an los nià ±os? (Where would the children play? Dà ³nde is the interrogative adverb, jugarà ­an is the verb, and the subject is nià ±os.) ¿Quà © significa tu nombre? (What does your name mean?) ¿Cà ³mo comen los insectos? (How do insects eat?) If the verb has an direct object and the subject is not stated, the object typically comes before the verb if it would in the equivalent English sentence:  ¿Cuntos insectos comià ³ la araà ±a? (How many insects did the spider eat? Insectos is the direct object of comià ³.) ¿Quà © tipo de celular prefieres? (Which type of cellphone do you prefer? Tipo de celular is the direct object of prefieres.) ¿Dà ³nde venden ropa guatemalteca? (Where do they sell Guatemalan clothing. Ropa guatemalteca is the direct object of venden.) If the question has a stated subject and an object, it is common to use a verb-object-subject word order if the object is shorter than the subject and a verb-subject-object order if the subject is shorter. If theyre of similar length, either order is acceptable.  ¿Dà ³nde venden ropa los mejores diseà ±adores de moda? (Do the best fashion designers sell clothing? The subject, los mejores disenà ±adores de moda, is much longer than the object, ropa.) ¿Dà ³nde compran los estudiantes los libros de quà ­mica farmacà ©utica? (Where do the students buy the pharmaceutical chemistry books? The subject, los estudiantes, is shorter than the object, los libros de quà ­mica farmacà ©utica.)

Endometrial cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Endometrial cancer - Essay Example The most common type of endometrial cancer is endometrioid adenocarcinoma. It is developed in cells that form glands of the endometrium and shows specific features under the microscope. Endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) is the most common type of endometrial cancer, which compromises about 75% to 80% of endometrial cancer and usually occurs at the time of, or one to two decades after menopause, and shows most common symptoms with vaginal bleeding. Its clinical behaviour and grade depend on the degree of differentiation. High grade of tumour development are associated with more advanced stage of disease. Endometrial subtype of endometrial cancer (EEC) is estrogen related. It is already well defined that high level of estrogen in patients lead to increase the risk of endometrial adenocarcinoma as estrogen hormone sustains to promote the growth of endometrial cancer cells. That is, the risk of tumour development is associated with an increase in uncontrolled estrogen activity. According to the study of classic model regarding endometrial cancer and breast cancer, estrogen modulates the expression of estrogen responsive downstream effectors by binding to estrogen receptor and induces subsequent reactions through the action of estrogen receptor at the transcriptional level. The second most common form is papillary serous adenocarcinoma, which is composed of about 10% of all endometrial cancers and another form is clear cell adenocarcinoma, which compromises about 4-5% of all endometrial carcinomas. Both papillary serous and clear cell adenocarcinomas show more aggressiveness than endo metrioid adenocarcinomas, and can be often detected at advanced stages. Estrogen hormone functions on cell growth and differentiation, mainly in tissues of reproductive system including mammary glands, uterus, vagina and ovaries in female and testis,

An Assessment of the Need for Worker Representation in the 21st Essay

An Assessment of the Need for Worker Representation in the 21st Century - Essay Example ship: Aggregate union density: No union members: Union density of 50% or more: Recognised unions: (% employees) (% workplaces) (% workplaces) (% workplaces) All workplaces 34 64 48 30 Sector of ownership: Private 22 77 8 16 Public 64 7 62 90 Management attitudes towards union membership: In favour 60 8 58 84 Neutral 22 76 9 17 Not in favour 5 93 1 4 Table 2: Union Presence, by Sector of Ownership and Management Attitudes (Source: Marchington and Wilkinson 2008 p.390) The importance of management attitudes is discussed later in this paper. Employee Relations The latest ideas to involve workers more in the workplace are employee engagement and employee involvement and participation (EIP). These follow changes from collective and multi-employer bargaining brought about by international competition and globalisation. Increasingly, although employees have various rights enshrined in law, employers are dictating terms and, in some cases, unilaterally attempting to change contracts of emplo yment to the detriment of employees (Curtis 2010b). Heery (2009 p.334) discusses the representation gap, restating key themes of â€Å"union revitalisation, non-union representation and the effectiveness of public policy† as needing further research. Szell (2010 p.184) describes â€Å"the neo-liberal economic system† as having â€Å"declared war on the trade unions and workers’ participation† when considering the impact of the global financial crisis on the trade union movement and labour policies, specifically in the EU. This is even more important with the austerity drive being pursued by the current UK coalition government as, following the announcements of substantial budget cuts for the public sector, unions have advised that they intend striking to protect both their members’ jobs... An Assessment of the Need for Worker Representation in the 21st Century Hutton believes that the employment relations culture in 2010 resembles that of the 1970s and this causes many employees to take employers to employment tribunals to obtain justice. He highlights that â€Å"around a third of all people at work have experienced some form of unfair treatment in the past year†, the gender pay gap and low pay as evidence that there is a need for â€Å"a more effective collective worker voice in the workplace†. Employment relations are as difficult an area as ever, with workers still requiring protection within the working context, whether through legislation or union representation. Employers seem determined to exclude workers from decision making and regard them as simply resources, like fixtures and fittings, with no opinions, attitudes or voices of their own once they enter the workplace. Representation is still required, and will continue to be so until employers realise that employees’ full participation in organisational decision making improves the bottom line. One area that organisations might like to explore in this respect, is stakeholder theory. Although most organisations pay lip service to stakeholders other than shareholders, adopting such an approach would generate many positive benefits, including within the employee relations arena. The key issue to be addressed is the power differential between employer and employed. Until this is resolved, employees will still be treated poorly and still require representation, both as individuals and collectively.

Jane Lewsi Case study Essay -- essays research papers

The Situational Leadership Model and the Jeanne Simmons Case Introduction: The Situational Leadership Model   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The situational leadership model is based on certain assumptions. One of these assumptions is that there are different levels (or situations) in which a leadership style is played out. In the same way that there are four different levels of readiness on the part of staff or â€Å"followers†, there are also four leadership styles. On the whole it is the level that the followers are to be found that is most important element in the equation when a leadership style is seen to be to be the appropriate style and is chosen from among four possible styles. According to this idea leaders can choose to lead in any one of four styles and within that style can operate through directive behavior (strong leadership) or supportive behavior (employee developing leadership). The four levels of â€Å"followership† can be listed and annotated as follows: D1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Low competence / high commitment D2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some competence /low commitment D3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High competence / variable commitment D4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High competence /high commitment The essence of the situational leadership idea is that each different â€Å"situation† of employee readiness to follow calls for a different type of leadership. For example, if we are talking about a Walmart â€Å"associate† training class we might be talking a...

The AXE Man

Advertisement, itself, is a creative genre in these post-modern days of ideas. If people in the future were to search for artifacts of our culture, in hopes of finding something that gives them insight into our culture and our life, they will be able to see what we leave behind in this consumer-driven world. Our ancestors left behind arrow heads and pottery, and we will leave behind a lot more that can easily communicate about who we are and what is important to us. Commercials and the products they advertise are some of the most important cultural artifacts in our society. They communicate what is important to or influences our culture, the good and the bad, because within any culture it is natural for the many different aspects of that culture to be portrayed on the screen or the page, from our stereotypes and biases, to what makes us proud and what makes us ashamed. One commercial that seems to represent an artifact of American culture is the recent AXE commercial, where a young man on a beach begins to spray AXE cologne, attracting literally hundreds of buxom beauties in bikinis, with the slogan being â€Å"Spray more, Get more†. The implications here about the way our culture stereotypes gender and what types of images we find to be suitable becomes part of the artifact and what it stands for in our culture. The first part of the advert shows a woman running in a wilderness. The first question that comes to mind is if this is a spoof of the new Mel Gibson movie â€Å"Apocalypto†? The theme of said movie is the hunter-hunted type of thriller where the protagonist is always on the run (from an AXE man perhaps? ). This is further implied by the choice of music – â€Å"Deus Irae† by Karl Jenkins which appears on his album â€Å"Requiem†. But then the video shows something else. There are many more than women running and therefore this is something else. The women are all focused with the task of reaching the goal first. They are single-minded indeed, to the point of being obsessed with whatever it is that made them run in the first place. All are jockeying for position and intense shoving and pushing is seen in the first few seconds. The second thing that hits the viewer is the fact that the women are not properly clad. If they are indeed going for a late afternoon jog then where is the sports wear needed to do the job? It is not usually normal to run with skimpy clothing! Then the next thing that hits the viewer is the fact that these are not only a group of young women running but it is actually a swarm. The multitude running together indicates mass hysteria. At this point the audience is becoming interested to know what this anarchy is all about; are they hunting for something? Again similarities can be drawn with â€Å"Apocalypto†. The next scene makes the video a bit confusing as a shot is taken from the other side of the terrain – a shot of the ocean where a similar number of horde of women are swimming frantically towards the shore. For a minute there one thinks that this may be something about the â€Å"Iron Woman† competition. But then it becomes clear as the video gives a top shot that shows where all the women are heading. The swarm is converging on the shore where a solitary male figure was spraying AXE cologne, specifically AXE Lynx. And the text flashed in the end saying, â€Å"Spray more. Get more. † If the AXE commercials are to be marked as anything of immediate interest, the popular tags that come to mind immediately are â€Å"pornographic advert† or â€Å"advert with sexual overtones. † Such terms are quite befitting as we find the women who are running from different topographical extremes have svelte, well-maintained physiques with sexual appeal, and the man on the beach stands armed with AXE cologne to attract more such women by spraying more of the heart-smashing fragrance. Commercials stand as an important artifact that can be used to understand a culture, and this commercial in particular says a lot about certain gender-related issues. Commercials such as this are not only for entertainment value, they are subconsciously sending messages to a population of people that view what they see on television as truth and fact. Someday, people will study such commercials in search of something historically or culturally important to our generation and will quickly realize that for all of our advances in our way of thinking and our technology, we were still submitting ourselves to the humiliation of gender-related stereotypes and sexually explicit material. If sexual excesses are not used deliberately, then why has such a slogan been floated in the air: Spray more, Get more? Is it not somewhat pornographic, tickling the fancy of men with the promise of winning an armful of femme fatales at one sprinkle of AXE? Why again a horde of belles are needed with immense sexual charms if no sexual implications are intended? When a condom, a bra or lingerie is advertised, the same types of images are blatantly paraded across the television screen, the sexual overtones not even subtle anymore. Even in odd places do we see such use of sexuality to sell a product, like the commercials that are for car insurance but are cartoons, using the cartoon character of a cute, busty girl to try and sell insurance for someone’s automobile. Even Pizza Hut commercials use Jessica Simpson’s sexuality to sell pizza, and Pepsi has been notorious for using stars such as Madonna to sell their product. The fact is that sex sells. Thus, if categorically the artifact is to be judged, then it is a piece of advertisement in the first place and then it is pornographic i. e. an advert with sexual overtones. In my view, whatever nomenclature may be piled on the term â€Å"advertisement†, it is a creative way of presenting an object or a commodity. So I would like to call it innovative advertisement. If we move a step further we will be able to see that innovative and sexually-exploitive adverts apply to all sorts of business tricks to catch the consumer youth. There is yet another genre that this advert falls into, and that is humorous. Despite its sexual overtones, the commercial is filmed in such a way that, at first glance, it appears to be harmless, comedic tone and all. The public seems to be very forgiving of any images or messages that are not politically correct when there is humor involved, as in this case. There is no complaining from the public even if a salacious picture or video clipping is used in order to make a commodity attractive to the target audience. It may appear denigrating in the eye of a few thoughtful, conservative people, but to hit the bull’s eye of consumerism, it is a weapon, a necessity, the need of the hour. In fact, this advert was shown only once on British television prior to a World Cup football game where it has reached near cult status. I never considered myself to be a conservative person, not even a little bit. I really thought the AXE commercial to be a great one with a sense of humor, but after I observed it many times closely, there were several things really bothering me. While it is common knowledge that marketers are using sex to sell their products, the issue that arises with this commercial is that it tried to hide the sexual content behind the product itself. The text did not imply anything sexual and therefore no one can accuse AXE of intentionally telling men of the benefits of using their cologne in terms of their becoming attractive sexually, but the imagery is enough to convince the viewer that it is selling the product through sex. In other words, AXE is using the fantasies of young men to bring them in as consumers of their product by promising them, visually, that there is something about their product that attracts women. If there is a law regulating sexual themes in advertising then it seems that the AXE advert is trying to beat the system. Those who do not agree with the blatant use of sex in advertising, be it implied or explicit, must heed the words of Tom Reichert when he wrote, â€Å"†¦other forms of sexual information is woven into ads [†¦] sexual content can vary in form and meaning, it is important to provide an overview of recurring representations of sex in advertising† (Reichert, 2003). The bone of contention here is how to draw the line between what is acceptable and what is not. J. Sivulka had warned that â€Å"when scholars have explained the changing nature of sex in advertising, they have often viewed this shift as an evolution from a relatively innocent representation of a sexually alluring woman to a new type of image, in which sex is explicit† (Sivulka, 2003). The world it seems is divided over what kind of judgment to give this sort of TV commercial, but fo r those who are looking for substance there is only one verdict. For those who are tired of being given information that is not based on truth but rather on assumptions and pop culture, the verdict is not positive. In the AXE commercial the first thing that does not escape the viewer is the stereotyping of the female. Geral Tellis observed that, â€Å"One of the most common criticisms of advertising is the gender stereotyping [†¦] endorsers are typically presented as young, beautiful, and sexually attractive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Tellis, 2004). As a female watching this commercial I felt it not only was the dreaded stereotyping being used but also the fact that women were depicted as not having the intellect to comprehend what was going on and furthermore, that women were not valued for their intellect at all, but for their appearance. The women were portrayed like buffoons, parading themselves with no regard for their self-worth, with no obvious intelligence (in direct contrast with the ‘Iron Woman’ comparison). Instead of showing a commercial where the images show an intelligent, well-mannered male using AXE cologne and attracting an intellectual and strong woman, we are bombarded with yet more images of the stereotypical buxom bimbo and in my opinion, that is an insult to the feminists out there who are championing woman’s equal rights, access to power and control. The AXE commercial made them look like they have no ability whatsoever to control their destiny, much alone their lives and they are purely driven by instincts. Lorraine Code asserts that this kind of reaction is not new and she wrote that in fact, â€Å"In the 1970s feminists criticized advertisements for portraying stereotypical images of women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Code, 2000). Forget about the feminist stereotype, what is disturbing about the way women were depicted in the AXE ad is the fact that there is no truth to what was being communicated. Granting that commercials are not supposed to be whole truths, still the fact that something can be created wholly out of imagination is a bit of a stretch. Adding another aspect of then forcing people to accept it or maybe worse, manipulating people to behave in a certain way are actions not acceptable for a highly influential medium. A casual survey of the real world will immediately inform the observer that women do not behave like those in the said commercial. If the producer of the AXE commercial would come back and say that this is the whole point; that making fantastic claims and using pure creative imagination to sell something is the reality of advertising, then it is going to be hard to argue that line of reasoning. Even if this were the case, not everybody will agree with the producer. Many believe that advertising is no longer a neutral medium but that it is an artifact that has the capacity to transform society, especially how people think, and therefore it is a medium to be regulated. If one allows the producer of the AXE commercial the benefit of the doubt, that there was no intention to demean women and to insult their intelligence, then the problem keeps on compounding because the next group that would be insulted by this commercial is the male population, because while it is common to hear women being exploited, more and more men are being devalued by the media as well. There is a movement out there that forces the world to recognize the place of women in society. It is almost a normal experience to constantly hear of women being abused and misrepresented, but it may be taken for granted that men can also be stereotyped. That there is a whole assumption out there that men are savages and no smarter than wild beasts who are being controlled by their carnal instincts would be insulting to me if I was male, and I cannot believe that the media can stereotype both genders in such simple terms. To be honest, however, no man would stand up and say that his reputation is on the line because of such media exploitation. For them, it is somewhat absurd, but if truth can be told and truth be the standard of knowing what must be done in this society then someone has to point out the problem with the AXE commercial. What exactly is wrong about it in terms of the male image is that this time men are not depicted as buffoons in the same way that the ladies were depicted running around half-naked and half-crazed when a potent brew aroused their senses and they could not control themselves. This time men were assumed to be buffoons, period. This assumption is basically a belief that when men will see the commercial then they will not stop to think and evaluate what is being projected on screen. They will simply instinctively pick up their wallets, head for the store and buy a crate full of AXE cologne – and â€Å"spray more†. It is interesting to note that marketers are well aware of what they are doing to the male stereotype and the projection of an image that will make men want to buy the cologne. As suggested by Stephen Fox in his study of the history of American advertising, marketers in the past made the generalization that, â€Å"†¦all men are fools† (Fox, 1997). They have expanded this theory into something more useful, â€Å"†¦that while men may be fools and sinners, they are everlastingly on the search for that which is good† (Fox, 1997). Advertising is the guide that leads them to the path of bliss and truth; yet, there is one more weakness of the male psyche that is being exploited here, but it must first be understood that this commercial was not created with the general public in mind. It is quite probable that the target-segment are young men between puberty and their twenties. It is possible that the target-market are adolescent males who lack the confidence to take their place in the world and establish relationships with the opposite sex and therefore need a touch of courage, in this case in the form of AXE cologne. There is evidence pointing to the fact that the target market is indeed the teenager segment of the population. Buddenberg pointed out that, â€Å"†¦despite being more knowledgeable about advertising, teens are still very susceptible to it† (Buddenberg, 2004). Fox enumerated the common behaviors considered normal for teens: a) struggle with sense of identity; b) feeling awkward or strange about one’s self and one’s body; c) concerns regarding physical and sexual attractiveness to others; and, d) worries about being normal (Fox, 1997). If Fox’s theory proves right then what a powerful effect the AXE commercial must be having on the minds of the teenage males that watch it. The video suggests achieving power and control where there is none – by simply spraying more AXE. To be fair, however, I must say that the humorous nature of the commercial was, even to me, funny at the beginning and I did not take it serious on first glance. The women, making funny faces and rushing this geeky-looking young man whose eyes are huge as he watches the scene unfold before him was more of a comedic event than anything. In this way, the producer of this commercial was not, perhaps, trying to use stereotypes about men and women to influence our culture, but perhaps just trying to make an impression, something that is hard to do in a society filled with a flood of advertisements at every turn. Despite my misgivings about the commercial, I do not remember any other cologne commercials vividly, only AXE, and perhaps that was the point all along. The advertisement used in this study can make people react in many different ways. The more important issue to address is the potential offensive effect of the commercial to both men and women, at least to those who are sensitive enough to really analyze the content of the video. The problem with the video is that it depicts women as stupid and at the same time assumes that young men are stupid enough to believe what they are seeing and will not take the time to verify it. Moreover, the commercial is trying to hide its sexual content and that is not acceptable for those who are shielding children and the rest of the public from too much exposure to indecency. Still, at the core of the problem is the unceasing evolution of advertising. This time what is perceived to be improper will soon change in a few years time. This will continue until one day, parents and concerned citizens will one day wake up to see sex in advertising being shown explicitly without shame. At some point, American advertising will turn the corner and, just as now, we will simply sit back, watch, hence evolving as viewers too, and let the images convince us of something just as ridiculous as the assumptions made in the AXE cologne commercial. Having said that, however, the public is not as taken in by adverts as we once were and so advertisers may be responding accordingly by making adverts more humorous, shocking and ridiculous in order to capture our attention and remember the product in question which is being advertised. Then just as the advert may be mocking women and/or men it may just as easily be merely ‘tongue in cheek’ and using the satirical content to try and get the consumer to simply buy a product which makes you smell nice! So, whether it be gender stereotyped, intellectually backward or in direct contrast, intellectually superior in order to be able to appreciate the humor in the AXE advert and not take it too seriously, the artifacts our commercial culture is leaving behind are, sadly, not a representation of who we really are, but who were are told to be.

Watching Tv Makes You Smarter -Steven Johnson Essay

Watching TV Makes You Smarter By STEVEN JOHNSON The Sleeper Curve SCIENTIST A: Has he asked for anything special? SCIENTIST B: Yes, this morning for breakfast . . . he requested something called wheat germ, organic honey and tigers milk. SCIENTIST A: Oh, yes. Those were the charmed substances that some years ago were felt to contain life-preserving properties. SCIENTIST B: You mean there was no deep fat? No steak or cream pies or . . . hot fudge? SCIENTIST A: Those were thought to be unhealthy. — From Woody Allens Sleeper n Jan. 24, the Fox network showed an episode of its hit drama 24, the real-time thriller known for its cliffhanger tension and often- gruesome violence. Over the preceding weeks, a number†¦show more content†¦I happen to be sympathetic to that argument, but its not the one I want to make here. I think there is another way to assess the social virtue of pop culture, one that looks at media as a kind of cognitive workout, not as a series of life lessons. There may indeed be more negative messages in the mediasphere today. But thats not the only way to evaluate whether our television shows or video games are having a positive impact. Just as important -- if not more important -- is the kind of thinking you have to do to make sense of a cultural experience. That is where the Sleeper Curve becomes visible. Televised Intelligence Consider the cognitive demands that televised narratives place on their viewers. With many shows that we associate with quality entertainment -- The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Murphy Brown, Frasier -- the intelligence arrives fully formed in the words and actions of the characters on-screen. They say witty things to one another and avoid lapsing into tired sitcom cliches, and we smile along in our living rooms, enjoying the company of these smart people. But assuming were bright enough to understand the sentences theyre saying, theres no intellectual labor involved in enjoying the show as a viewer. You no more challenge your mind by watching these intelligent shows than you challenge your body watching Monday Night Football. The intellectual work isShow MoreRelatedWatching Tv Makes You Smarter, By Steven Johnson898 Words   |  4 Pagesothers do not for many different reasons. In the first article â€Å"Watching TV Makes You Smarter, Steven Johnson argues why and how television can mak e you smarter. In another article, â€Å"Thinking Outside the Idiot Box, Dana Stevens contradicts everything Steven Johnson said in his article about television making people more intelligent. Steven Johnson s argument is that television can actually make you smarter because when you watch a show, you are trying to understand everything that is happening. Today’sRead MoreWatching Tv Makes You Smarter, By Steven Johnson872 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Watching TV Makes You Smarter, Steven Johnson argues why and how television can make you smarter. 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Most people believe that with exorbitantRead MoreWatching Tv Makes You Smart Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article  Watching TV Makes You Smarter  by Steven Johnson, the author argues that by watching television shows various television shows, people actually become smarter and how it has a big impact in our lives. He feels that watching TV makes us smarter because why we view things we might have never heard of before. He also uses dialogs to explain for example he used dialogs from the show ER to break down what’s happening between the characters, what words and sentences there using. On responseRead MoreEssay on A TV Education1326 Words   |  6 PagesA TV Education â€Å"For decades, we’ve worked under the assumption that mass culture follows a path declining steadily toward lowest common-denominator standards, presumably because the â€Å"masses† want dumb† (Johnson 214).But do the masses actually want to get the opposite out of their TV programming? 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In answer to Johnsons article, Carrie posted Does watching TV make you stupid? on May 1, 2005. Carrie presents further blogs on May 3rd and May 7th, 2005; however, the gist of her arguments are contained in her first