Mary Warren Essay Example

Mary Warren Paper At the beginning of act three we hear voices from the court, of Martha Corey being accused of witchcraft, showing the extent that the accusation have risen to. Proctor brings Mary Warren to the court to tell the truth, that the girls and Abigail were making up everything about the women being witches, so as Proctor can prove his wifes innocence and gain her freedom from jail. During the proceedings, Proctor is forced to sacrifice his name and admit to his affair with Abigail in order to damage her credibility, however his wife, Elizabeth, not knowing of his confession, lies to protect her husband, saying that it was not the truth. When Abigail is confronted about this, she reacts in her usual way, which is to accuse Mary of being a witch herself. Mary can not take the pressure of the accusations and so, to save herself she, copies Abigail in how she gets herself out of trouble, by accusing Proctor of witchcraft, and forcing her to the court in order to overthrow it. Proctor is so angry at the state of the court and his faith, that, at the end of the act, he denounces God as her can not see any trace of divine help in the proceedings of that day. We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Warren specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Warren specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Warren specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Miller uses this rise and fall of tension throughout the act as a build up of the final, and most dramatic end to the act, where Proctor seals his fate by shouting, I say I say God is dead! Abigails accusations of witches in the society of Salem, is similar to Millers own experiences in the 1930s of McCarthyism and the witch hunts for communists in a capitalist country. The rise of communism in the East, which America stove to defeat, caused this rise in paranoia in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Almost any criticism of the government was seen as an declaration of loyalty to the communist ways. In 1956 Miller himself was called before the court to answer charges of being a communist sympathiser, although at this time the power of the committee was waning and so instead of being imprisoned he was fined for Contempt of Congress. Miller began to link the activities of the committee with that of the witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692.. The feeling in both cases were, if you dont conform, then you are guilty. Millet emphasises his aim to show, The essential nature of one of the strangest and most awful chapters in human history. He documents the events of the Salem witch trials, with dramatic licence, using the original records of the court proceedings and other pieces of primary and secondary evidence. The drama is based on real historical events of a Puritan society and its fear of the Devil. They had moved from England brought their ways to the new land, American, were they believed the Devil lived in the woods surrounding their village, which was actually inhabited by the Native Americans. This fear and insecurity lead them to the ways of killing witches to protect themselves and rid their village of evil. The fact that the play was based on real events adds to the tension as we know that innocent people actually suffered from the untruthful accusations. To audiences of Millers time there would have been a great sympathy with the people in Salem as the Americans were suffering the same way under the rule of McCarthyism, where the innocent were accused and sentenced. Proctor is seen as the voice of reason, though he is sinful, he tries to uncover the girls for what they really were. Throughout the events Proctor stands up for what he believes in and always suspects Abigail of lying and influencing the others as he knows her character.

Crystal Science Fair Project Tips and Ideas

Crystal Science Fair Project Tips and Ideas Crystals can make interesting and fun science fair projects. The type of project depends on your educational level. Here are some examples of crystal science fair projects and ideas to help launch your own creativity in choosing your own project. Make a Collection Younger investigators may want to make a collection of crystals and work out their own method for grouping the crystals into categories.  Common crystals include salt, sugar, snowflakes, and quartz. What other crystals can you find? What are the similarities and differences between these crystals? What materials look like crystals, but really arent? (Hint: Glass doesnt have an ordered internal structure, so it isnt crystal.) Make a Model You can build models of crystal lattices. You can show how lattice subunits can grow into some of the crystal shapes taken by natural minerals. Prevent Crystal Growth Your project can involve ways you might prevent crystals from forming. For example, can you think of a way to keep crystals from forming in ice cream? Does the temperature of the ice cream matter? What happens as a result of freezing and thawing cycles? What effect do different ingredients have on the size and number of crystals that form? Grow Crystals Growing crystals is a fun way to explore your interest in chemistry and geology. In addition to growing crystals from kits, there are lots of types of crystals that can be grown from common household substances, such as sugar (sucrose), salt (sodium chloride), Epsom salts, borax, and alum. Sometimes its interesting to mix different materials to see what types of crystals result. For example, salt crystals look different when they are grown with vinegar. Can you figure out why? If you want a good science fair project, it would be better if you tested some aspect of growing crystals rather than simply growing pretty crystals and explaining the process. Here are some ideas for ways to turn a fun project into a great science fair or research project: How does the rate of evaporation of the crystal-growing medium affect the final size of the crystals? You can change the rate of evaporation by sealing the container (no evaporation at all if there is no air space) or by blowing a fan over the liquid or enclosing the jar of medium with a desiccant. Different places and seasons will have different humidities. The crystals grown in a desert may be different from those grown in a ​rainforest.You will usually heat water or another liquid to dissolve a solid to grow your crystals. Does the rate at which this liquid is cooled affect the way the crystals grow? You can compare crystals allowed to cool at room temperature to those formed from cooling the liquid in a refrigerator.What effect do additives have on the crystals? You could add food coloring, flavorings, or other impurities. How do crystals grown from non-iodized salt compare with those grown from iodized salt?What steps can you take to maximize crystal size? Developing a pr ocedure is a form of experimental science. You can affect parameters such as vibration, humidity, temperature, the rate of evaporation, purity of your growth medium, and time allowed for crystal growth. The type of container used to grow your crystals may make a difference, as could the type of string used to suspend a seed crystal (or other method used to grow a crystal). Are you changing containers when crystals start to grow that could compete with your seed crystal? There are lots of things to think about! Some may have a major effect on crystal growth and others may be negligible. Does light/dark effect growth? Probably not for a salt crystal, but it could for a substance that is degraded by visible radiation. If you are up for a challenge, you can make predictions about the shapes of crystals before you grow them, based on their molecular structures and molecular geometry.

Applied Mathematics in Music Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Applied Mathematics in Music Technology - Essay Example In the production and amplification of sound, mathematical formulas with the aid of electrical machinery come in handy. Such electronics are majorly made up of electrical circuits that form a closed pathway followed by electrons whose principal motion is propelled by the gradient difference of current in the positive and negative terminals. There are two types of currents namely direct current and alternating current. Most electrical circuits use direct current, DC, sources because it has a low voltage that is the change of the electrical potential of two oppositions and it can only flow in one direction (Calle 2001). A simple electrical circuit contains several resistors, capacitors and probably a bell or a lamp all connected to a power source say a battery using wires. The pictorial way of presenting a circuit is known as a circuit diagram (Sherlock 2010). Resistance, measured in ohm (â„ ¦) is the property of a conducting material to oppose the flow of electrons within the mater ial when a voltage charge is applied. It is represented by quantity symbol R (Malley 1982, p17). Ohm’s law which is the foundation of electronics and electricity was named after Mr. George Ohm who was a mathematician and a physicist defines the relationship between voltage, power, current and resistance. It states that for a given temperature, a current passing through a given conductor that obeys Ohm's law is directly proportional to the varying ranges of applied voltages with a constant proportionality of the specific conductor’s resistance.  

The 9th grade girls at Apopka High School are not comfortable with Research Proposal

The 9th grade girls at Apopka High School are not comfortable with their changing bodies. They feel unattractive and insecure an - Research Proposal Example Most importantly, some studies have shown that girls’ tend to develop positive character, including improved self-esteem and confidence, as a result of participating in sports (Scottish Executive, 2003; Strong et al., 2005). Brief overview of the plan The study will start with identification of the problem, then a review of the literature. Thereafter, a field study will be conducted in 10 schools, specifically involving 100 Fifth-Grade female Students. The researcher will ask both open-ended and closed-ended questions, which will help identify different factors that are associated with girl’s participation and lack of participation in sports. As such, the data that will be collected will be both qualitative and quantitative. The analysis of the quantitative data will rely on SPSS for analysis, with regression analysis and descriptive statistics being performed. Nvivo software will be used to categorize qualitative data, especially by identifying common themes. The resea rcher will use purposive sampling to identify the 10 schools and simple sampling in choosing the students that will participate. A purposeful sampling (also called judgmental sampling) is based on the fact the researcher is capable of selecting the schools that are effectively suited to meet the purpose of the study (Ritchie, Lewis, & Elam, 2003). The sample, though seemingly small, is a reasonable for the research purpose because most of the girls in different schools have many commonalities and hence no need to choose a very large sample. The program evaluation will take them form of check list filling, whereby the success of different goals will be identified. The achievement of the goals will be gauged by a rank art scale, which will be assigned 1-5 points for the purpose of quantification. Validity is important in assessing the accuracy and credibility of the data used in this study, which is also critical in ensuring that the results of a research are not biased. In other word s, validity will ensure that the study’s assessment and measurement process achieves the intended goal, or rather what is intended to be measured. To improve validity in this study, the researcher will uphold accuracy and credibility of information by selecting well-designed instruments. There are two types of validity, which according to Garson (2008) includes internal and external validity. The biases that are likely to affect the results of this study are the major threats to internal validity. Examples of such biases include subjectivity, researcher's biases, inflexible knowledge related to the theoretical framework and blind spots (Creswell, 2005). The research will be charged with the responsibility of reducing these biases in order to ensure validity of the study. According to Trochim (2006), external validity is related to the extent to which the results of the study can be generalized in other conditions. Since this study is faced with threats to external validity, i t cannot be generalized outside Atlanta area. Some of the reasons for lack of generalization to other areas include the fact that the demography of Atlanta area is different from other areas in the country. The research will use a triangulation technique to validate the results of the interviews. This will involve application of a number of data validation techniques such as backing up of the evidence from different individuals, using overlapping perspective and pieces of evidence, and authenticating information using several forms of

Legal Advice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal Advice - Essay Example Factual Information In summary, Mr. and Mrs. Elliot (‘the Elliots’) made an application to their Council, on behalf of their son, Billy, for a grant for their son to study at a residential ballot school. The application was made on the following grounds: there were no comparable schools available within a reasonable proximity of their home; they were unable to pay the fees of the available schools; and, under the heading â€Å"other exceptional circumstances†, they argued that their son had been the victim of bullying at his local school due to his interest in ballot dancing. The Council rejected the application without having considered oral representations from the Elliots. The Grants Application Officer informed Mrs. Elliot, by telephone, that the application had been rejected because ballot schools had been excluded from the range of courses which were being funded. Mrs. Elliot was further informed that the Council never considered issues falling under "other exceptional circumstances" due to the ‘lengthy disputes’ which often resulted. The Grants Application Officer stated that in any event the Council had no duty to award a grant as they could exercise their discretion as they deemed appropriate in the circumstances. ... Word limit: 1500 (+/-10%) Legal Advice Introduction Mr. and Mrs. Elliot are seeking advice on the prospects of successfully applying for judicial review against a decision by their local authority (‘the Council’) to refuse their son a grant to study at a residential ballot school. This advice has been divided into the following sections: Factual Information; The Remit of Judicial Review; The Requirements of Judicial Review; Legal Analysis of the Issues; and Conclusion. Factual Information In summary, Mr. and Mrs. Elliot (‘the Elliots’) made an application to their Council, on behalf of their son, Billy, for a grant for their son to study at a residential ballot school. The application was made on the following grounds: there were no comparable schools available within a reasonable proximity of their home; they were unable to pay the fees of the available schools; and, under the heading â€Å"other exceptional circumstances†, they argued that their son had been the victim of bullying at his local school due to his interest in ballot dancing. The Council rejected the application without having considered oral representations from the Elliots. The Grants Application Officer informed Mrs. Elliot, by telephone, that the application had been rejected because ballot schools had been excluded from the range of courses which were being funded. Mrs. Elliot was further informed that the Council never considered issues falling under "other exceptional circumstances" due to the ‘lengthy disputes’ which often resulted. The Grants Application Officer stated that in any event the Council had no duty to award a grant as they could exercise their discretion as they deemed appropriate in the circumstances. In light of the above, the Elliots seek advice on the

Overview of Japanese Festivals and Matsuri

Overview of Japanese Festivals and Matsuri Japanese Festivals are the traditional occasions. They gather people to celebrate shrines deity, four seasons or historical events. People sing and dance to express their hopes and appreciation. Matsuri is the name of Japanese Festivals. The festival can be held for several days. There are lots of Japanese Festivals, but they usually have the traditional ways to celebrate. Procession is one of the most important things during those matsuri that celebrates shrines kami(deity). People carry deity and go around the town. It is the only period that deity leaves the temple in the year. There are entertainments during the festival. People wear specific traditional costume. They play music with Taiko(Japanese drum). Fireworks light up the matsuri too; there are always fireworks during the festival. The Japanese festivals are energetic and powerful. The Japanese Festivals are held also for the four seasons. In Spring, people celebrate for the rebirth and awakening of the new life. In summer, people thought its a bad season that brings humid weather with epidemic, so they hold festival to scare the evil spirit away. In autumn, people celebrate for the mellow foods from the farmer. The festivals of thanksgiving are held. In winter, people celebrate for the new year. Major Japanese Festivals In Japan, there are hundreds of matsuri. Some of them are local and unknown, and some of them are famous, which even foreigners come to Japan to feel these matsuri. In the following, the report will introduce several major Japanese Festivals. Gion Matsuri A living symbol of Kyotos 1,200 years of rich, colorful history the description of Kyoto Visitors guide. The Gion Matsuri is a festival in Kyoto. Its one of the best festival of Kyoto. Its in the top three matsuri in Japan. Japanese also put this matsuri into the top three prettiest matsuri in Japan. It is the most famous and biggest Japanese Festival, which is held for one month. The Gion Matsuri is from July 1st to 29th every year in Tasaka-jinja Shrine, Gion-cho, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto City. The Gion Matsuri Festival is above 1100 years old. In the year 869 A.D., Kyoto was suffering from epidemics, floods, fires and earthquakes. To pray for the end of plaque and placate the gods, procession of the Yasaka shrine began. That was the first festival, the men carried numbers of wooden floats to please the gods. The plague soon ended, so the festival became popular. People did the procession every year. Soon, it became the festival with music, dance, comic plays, and artistic treasures. People started to make giant floats with beautiful decoration. The elaborate floats are the highlight of the Gion Matsuri. There are 32 floats, which are divided into two types, yama and hoko. Yama floats are about 6 meter and weight about 1400kg. It shows the scenes from Japanese history and mythology with bear pine trees, shrines, and mannequins. The hoko are massive 2-storied, nearly 10-ton combinations of music hall and museum that are hauled by teams of up to 50 men. Hoko are giant floats, which are about 25 meter and 12,000kg on large wooden wheels and pulled by 50 men. People describe them as a mobile art museums. During the parade, there are people wearing tradition costume and playing drums and bells. The are seated on the floats. Some dolls are put on the floats. The floats are displayed form the 14th to the 16th , the main event of the Gion Matsuri. The displays are full of food stands and drink vendors. Traditional Japanese Festival Music is played. The climax of the Gion Matsuri is that the boy, standing on the top of the floats, uses sword to cut the rope that represents bad luck. This event is the most important, so the boy cant mess up. He needs to practice for 3 months before this event. With the Gion Matsuri, the city is flourish. Today, Japanese is still using their traditional way to pray for a auspicious year. Sapporo Snow Festival The Sapporo Snow Festival is one of Japans largest winter events. It holds for 7 days, starting in the second week of February. It takes place in Odori Site, Susukino Site,and Satorando Site in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. About 2 millions of visitors come to this festival every winter. Hundreds of beautiful snow statues and ice sculptures that made by artists from around the world line up on the Odori Park, the community Dome Tsudome, and the main street in Suskino. The Snow Festival started in 1950 with six local high school students. They built six snow statues in Odori Park. In 1955, the Japan Self-Defense Forces built the first massive snow sculpture. This made the Snow Festival become famous. In 1974, there began to have the International Snow Statue Competition. Year by year, it became the Sapporo Snow Festival. Till today, It is the 62nd Sapporo Snow Festival. The main site of this festival is in Odori Park. It is 1.5 kilometer long. The snow statues and ice sculptures make this place a snow museum. There are about 400 statues in total every year. You can see many creative and realistic works. There are not just statues. Skating Rink, Snowboard Straight Jumping Platform,The Slide, and Bush-walking on Skis are also the events in Snow Festival. The snow festival light up Sapporo. The whole world can see Japaneses creativity. The art of snow and ice shows how Japanese appreciates this season. Tanabata Tanabata is known as the star festival. It is a nationwide festival in Japan. It takes place in the seventh day of the seventh month each year in Japan. It is originated from a Chinese legend in 2,000 years ago. There were two stars, Altair and Vega, the lovers. They were separated by the Milky Way and allowed to see each other in only the 7th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar, so every region will have different date of this festival. This story spread to Japan in the 8th centery. Tanabata is celebrated on July 7th or August 7th in Japan,which is around the seventh day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar. The most famous event in Japan for celebrating Tanabata is to write your wishes on a piece of paper, and hang that piece of paper on a bamboo tree. The reason Japanese does this is that they think the meeting of Altair and Vega will bring luck. In some place, people put lantern on the bamboo and let it float on the river. The Tanabata festival in Sendai is most famous in Japan, which is held from August 6th to 8th. People wear yukata(the Japanese garment) and watch the fireworks. They fireworks is about two hours non-stop. 12,000 of fireworks will be shot and light up Sendai. Aomori Nebuta Matsuri Aomori Nebuta Matsuri is known as one of the most famous matsuri in Japan. This is a summer festival held in Aomori City, Aomori Prefecture from August 2 to 7. The Aomori Nebuta Matsuri is one of the greatest three matsuri in the Tohoku region, which are the Sendai Tanabata Matsuri, the Akita Kanto Matsuri and the Aomori Nebuta matsuri. Every year, more than 3,000,000 people come to see this matsuti . Aomori Nebuta matsui is a parade of colorful float lanterns called Nebuta with Japanese drum and dancers called haneto from all over the world. Usually Nebutas are shape of samurai warriors, but is can be shape of any historical people and legend characters. Reasons that this msaturi is very popular are that rhyme of drums and sounds of bamboo flute make people to feel happy and this parade is free to join so anyone can go up there and join the parade and dance along with those music. No one knows the theory of the origin of this matsuri, but there are two possible theories about the origin of this festival. One of the theories is that in the 8th Century in Aomori, there was one Shogun called Sakanoue no Tamuramaro. He wanted to expand his territory so he ordered his army to create something large and that looks like human to scare his enemy. Those large creatures called Nebuta. Place where he used Nebuta to scare people is now called Aomori city and thats why some people believe this can be one of the theories. Next theory is that development from Tanabata festival of China. During the Tanabata festival people light up a candle inside of toro that made by wooden frame and paper and float it on the water. As time passed, this toro became bigger and bigger and it became the unique shape like today. Today, the Nebuta can be 9 meter wide, 5 meters high and more than four tons of weight. It is not easy to make because it needs more than three months to create it and some of the Nebuta cost even more than $200,000. Hakata Dontaku Festival Hakata Dontaku Festival is one of the most famous and well known festivals and also one of the largest festivals in Japan. Every year, more than 2,000,000 people came to see this festival from all over the world. This festival takes place only for two day on May 3 and 4 in Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture. Hakata Dontaku Festival used to call as Matsubayashi Festival that started in Kyoto in the time of Muromachi period (1333-1568). During that time this festival is for only farmers and people in towns to greet their landowner and leader as a New Years greeting. Name of the festival changed to Dontaku from Matsubayashi during the Edo period (1603-1868). During Edo period Japan let people trade with all other countries because of this many people from other countries came to Japan and gave Japanese people to culture of other countries. Many culture from different counties mixed with former Japanese culture. Word Dontaku came from Dutch word zondag, which means holiday. Main event of this festival is Dontaku parade which is 1230 meter long. Any one can join to this parade and dance freely. This festival is very closely related with Japaneses three good fortune gods called Fukurokujyu, Ebisu and Daikokuten. During parade of time festival people need to wear custom as those gods. Conclusion Festivals and matsuri are very important things for Japanese and those are part of their culture that has been passed so many years. Japanese festivals affect Japanese life a lot because many people will back to their home to see their regions festivals even they are busy and thats time to see their parents. So festivals for Japanese are not only time to enjoy, but also backing to their home place and good time to spend time with their parents. For the worldwide, Japanese Festival is unique to every other countries festival. The Japanese Festivals usually have long history. And they are held every year. Form this part, we can see how Japanese organizes well in these things. Japanese concentrate on every little part on the festival, from music, clothes, decorations, to foods. Thats why they can attract that much foreigners to visit their country. Words: 2,369

A Career as a Pharmacist Essay -- Career Research

The flow of the medical community is dependent on every person employed there. The harmony it creates does not only come from the doctors or nurses, but the janitors, surgeons, receptionists, and even the pharmacists. Each job is necessary in order for the hospitals to function properly; for instance, the doctors diagnose the patient with their illness, prescribe them medication to cure it, and send them to the pharmacist, who then gives them their medication and sends them home. However, some jobs are overlooked more than others and do not receive the proper credit, like the pharmacist. Pharmacists are recognized for dispensing and sorting drugs, but their jobs help educate patients over their prescription and uphold the balance in the medical community. When young adults are challenged to pick a career, particularly in the medical field, most do not think of becoming a pharmacist. This low key career started with apothecaries, people who used botany and chemistry to help cure people. Unfortunately, their practice helped cure little to no patients, but as technology advanced, they abandoned their botany based methods and began to work with physicians. Thus, the pharmacist was created and continues to help heal the sick today. A pharmacist is â€Å"an expert in the use of medicines and drugs† (McAlpine 52) and uses their knowledge to create medications according to the doctors’ instructions. However, the job description of a pharmacist is increasing and it is not uncommon to find a patient directly talking to a pharmacist about their prescription. Pharmacists now inform patients on the proper usage of the medication and its side effects (52). Patients can bypass their physician, if they have any questions or concerns ab ou... .... Works Cited Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. â€Å"Pharmacist.† Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition. 17 Dec. 2009. 21 Nov. 2011. . Carpenter, Rachel. â€Å"Pros and Cons of Being A Pharmacist.† Associated Content by Yahoo. 01 Oct. 2010. 22 Nov. 2011. . Gable, Fred. Opportunities in Pharmacy Careers. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2004. (33-41, 63-65). Hart, Alison. â€Å"Top Skills You Need To Be A Pharmacist.† USA Today. 19 Nov. 2002. 21 Nov. 2011. . McAlpine, Margaret. Working in Health Care. Milwaukee: Garth Stevens Publishing, 2005. (52-55). Yuping Yen. Personal Interview. 28 Nov. 2011.

Canadian Culture in the Classroom Essay

There is a real lack of appreciation for Canadian literature across Ontario. In grade 12 classrooms across the province there is a wide variety of material studied, very little of it being of Canadian descent. While good writers exist in all cultures, Ontario students should mainly study Canadian authors as there needs to be focus on Canadian culture, to also promote and establish current authors, and to encourage young Canadian writers. Southern neighbours have already swamped Canada with their various ways of life. There is no reason for American culture to leak into the classroom. Canadian culture has never had the chance to blossom, even with the potential possessed, because of the storied and rich culture that has preceded it. Always under the thumb of foreign culture, Canadian authors were always an afterthought. For years, a student in Ontario would study Shakespeare and other British writers, and today, even American writers such as Fitzgerald. All of them, no doubt writing q uality literature, but the big picture is being missed. Many schools limit a student’s exposure to a Canadian novel to ISP reading lists. In this sense, Canada is an attic in which we have stored American and British literature without considering our own (Davies, Letters in Canada 426). No wonder a Canadian student has problems appreciating there culture. It seems as though that any Canadian literature studied is out of date to begin with. This includes works such as Mordecai’s Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz or Lawrence’s, Stone Angel. Fifth Business, which was published in 1970 – over 40 years ago – is still on many courses of study in Gr. 12 classrooms. Atwood’s Handmade Tale, the most recent of these books was published in 1985; over twenty five years ago. Again, while most teachers allow and may even encourage a student to focus on more modern Canadian books for their ISP, the classroom experience is almost always limited to studying these golden oldies. In order for Canadian literature to become a staple in the Ontario classroom, there needs to be an infusion of modern Canadian novels. Then there is the issue of these out of date authors not reflecting our modern multicultural society. There needs to be a variety of races represented in literature because, it is these very people which make Canada so diverse. As Robertson Davies stated†¦ â€Å"Canada is not going to have a national literature in the mode of those European lands where a long history has bound the people together, and where a homogeneous racial inheritance has given them a language, customs, and even a national dress of their own† (Transactions 35). We need to look at the work of Canadian authors who have come here from different backgrounds as to inspire young authors of all races. There is no doubt a brilliant mind out there, who could turn into a Canadian icon, but simply has no interest in Hamlet or Life of Pi. As Canadians, we are lost in a sea of international influences; we hardly know who we are. No wonder that Margaret Atwood can comment that Canadians have issues with establishing their identity. In discussing Canadian writers, she argues a Canadian state of mind does not really exist†¦ â€Å"I’m talking about Canada as a state of mind, as the space you inhabit not just with your body but with your head. It’s that kind of space in which we find ourselves lost† (Margaret 18). In order for this great nation to continue to produce young writers, to establish the current authors, and to gain Canadian literature the respect it deserves, the focus in the Canadian classroom needs to be on Canadian writers. While some might think that students will be prevented from studying the best literature out there, taking this approach will allow Canadian students to see the value of our authors, especially with the many talented Canadian authors. Although there is no need to completely uproot staples such as Shakespeare, from a curriculum, Canadian culture need to be priority number one. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret. Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature. Toronto: McLelland and Stewart, 1972. Print. Davies, Robertson. Letters in Canada. Toronto: Macmillan Press, 1979. Print. Davies, Robertson. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. IV. XIII. Ottawa: Royal Society of Canada, 1975. Print.

Leadership and Innovation in the Business

Leadership and Innovation in the Business Introduction This assignment is an article review and analyses the article based on facts about leadership and innovation in the business or organisational context. The article being reviewed is titled ‘Charismatic leadership, change and innovation in an RD organization’.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Leadership and Innovation in the Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors of the article are Neil Paulsen of the University of Queensland Business School; Diana Maldonado of the Sugar Research and Development Corporation, Brisbane, Australia and Victor J. Callan and Oluremi Ayoko of the University of Queensland Business School. In the article, the authors focus on the relationship between the charismatic element of transformative leadership, team work and innovativeness in research and development (RD) organizations. Article Analysis As per the article, leadership can be defined as the abil ity of a person to influence other people to do things which they would not have done without the influence. People with this ability are referred to as leaders and can be found in different settings and contexts ranging from the family, school, government and organization; formal and non-formal, as well as profit and non-profit organizations. In an organisational setting, leaders are responsible for showing others â€Å"the way†. The leaders may have or may not have executive powers in the organisation and they may be or, may not be managers (Northouse, 2009). In the context of the article, leading in an organisational setting entails the leader consolidating the efforts and resources of the organisation and focusing on the future by setting up a vision for the organization; which it intends to achieve in a given period of time using the consolidated efforts and resources.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your f irst paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Russel Consulting, leading entails some distinct elements which include building and sustaining teamwork, strategic thinking, managing conflicts, coaching, inspiring a shared vision, problem solving, performance management and accountability, decision making, delegation, systems thinking, leading change, dealing with ambiguities, developing trust, employee development, customer service, innovation and creativity, emotional intelligence, servant leadership, quality and productivity improvement (Russell Consulting, 2011). According to the authors of the article, transformative leadership involves various aspects, one of them being charisma, which involves among other things developing motivation, morale and performance of teams through variety of mechanisms. The charismatic leader connects to the follower’s sense of identity, challenges the team to take greater ownership for their work and understanding the strengt hs and weakness of the team so that he or she can align it with tasks that it can perform well. Transformative leadership, through the charismatic aspect helps in realising positive change. This is because charismatic leaders are energetic, enthusiastic, inspiring, motivational and passionate about their organisational success and development. In this sense, the leaders are concerned, involved and also focused on helping every member of the group to succeed (Ojo, 2008). Charismatic leadership has got multiple routes to innovativeness in an organisation. The first one is that it leads to establishment of teams which work together. These teams give themselves a social identity which bonds them (Ashforth and Mael, 1989.pp.20-39). This social identity and bonding leads to cooperation among the team members in all aspects, which leads to multiplicity of ideas about how to undertake the tasks, consequently leading to innovation within the team. The other route to innovation is that charis matic leadership directly leads to cooperation within an organisation whereby the employees do not personalise problems or success. This leads to innovation because the employees are more committed the success of the organisation and to them, motivation comes as a result of organisational success not individual success. Every employee therefore brings his or her ideas in the organisation. These ideas are combined and transformed into new ways of doing things in a more efficient and effective manner (Avolio and Bhatia, 2004. pp.951-968).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Leadership and Innovation in the Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lastly, charismatic leadership may directly lead to innovation because the charismatic leaders are knowledgeable and possess high technical know-how especially in research and development. This knowledge and technical know-how by the charismatic leaders when coupled with their other charismatic characteristics directly provokes employees’ thinking on how to improve the functions, processes and procedures of their organisation, thus leading to innovation (Avolio and Bhatia, 2004. pp.951-968). Reference List Ashforth, B.E. and Mael, F. (1989), â€Å"Social identity theory and the organisation†, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 20-39. Avolio, B.J., Zhu, W., Koh, W. and Bhatia, P. (2004), â€Å"Transformational leadership and organisational commitment: mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance†, Journal of Organisational Behaviuor,Vol.25 No. 8, pp. 951-968. Northouse, P.G.,(2009). Leadership: Theory and Practice. New York, NY: SAGE. Ojo, A., (2008). Leadership Style and Leadership Power. Farmington Hills, MI: ProQuest publishers. Russell Consulting. (2011).Leadership in Organisations: What Does it Mean to Lead?. Available from  http://russellconsultinginc.com/services/lea dership .Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Obamacare the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Obamacare the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as â€Å"Obamacare† has elicited different argument in its support and against it. The conservative and the liberal have come out to express their applause and concerns on this piece of legislation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Obamacare† the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interesting to note is the wide use of different forms of language to pass their message to each other and to the nation at large. There have been contentious issues between the liberal and conservative parties in terms of morality and frames of the introduced health care reform. The effectiveness and validity of the arguments do not depend either on premises or on conclusions, but on the right form of the statement. Within this context, in case the premise is false, the conclusion should be false as well and vice ver sa. Alternative variants are not acceptable. This essay shall seek to determine how various forms of statements are employed to achieve certain purposes. The essay also delves into how effective this purpose is achieved. Invalid reasoning is a form of reasoning that is characterized by the strong stand with very little or no reasoning at all. This form of reasoning has no input in terms of logic. It does seek to critically analyze the underlying issues to come up with its conclusions. The examples of invalid reasoning are reflected in the right-wing representatives who focus on sound and strong conclusions with no reference to logical references. At a glance, their focus on unconstitutionality does not provide concrete examples from the U.S. constitution (Wilson 3). However, the emphasis is placed on the rigid violation of human rights and excess pressure on the state and federal government on the citizens’ decision to buy private insurance.Advertising Looking for ess ay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the premise that â€Å"the health care reform act is simply a bad law† cannot be regarded as the right one (Wilson 3). In this respect, the effectiveness of argumentation in this case is low because it does not correspond to the conclusions made. The opposite for invalid reasoning is Logical validity. This normally concerns itself with the form of an argument. Logically valid arguments are based on premises that are usually minimally relevant to the conclusion. Also imperative to note is that if the premises are all true, then logically the conclusion must be true. The reason is that it is always impossible to have a valid argument based true premises and end up with a false conclusion. Arguments must be valid to give us a sufficient reason to accept a conclusion. An example of the valid argument is represented in the article published in The New York Time s where the author criticizes the reform because of the fiscal crisis. Hence, his argument is confined to the idea that the government will suffer extreme financial losses because a money deficiency for providing insurance to people belonging to the social layers below the poverty line (Rush to Abandon the Poor 2). However, the article represented by Degolia, the left-wing representative, does not provide substantial premises for building the argument because it refers directly to the criticism of the right-wing policy (2). The article published by The Progressive focuses on moral dimension and real-to-life stories who failed to receive adequate treatment because of the inability to get health care insurance (Clinton 3). The author makes a viable conclusion that corresponds to the initial assumptions. You’re mixing the introduction, which only needs to set up your discussion, with a body paragraph, which gets tangled up in the details Effective reasoning involves a combinatio n of different factors such as experience in order to come up with a conclusion. The decision derived from effective reasoning is also known as sound conclusion. It seeks to base its argument on the statistics that are available.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Obamacare† the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effective reasoning is a proper means of challenging the invalid reasoning. For instance, in a New York Times Article titles Rush to abandon the poor, the author uses statistics to counter the Governor’s (from Texas) stand against the ObamaCare. The author points out that over 6.3 billion people are uninsured in Texas. This is using the numbers that are available in order to advance an argument. The author explains the dire consequences of rejecting the ObamaCare on that ground. While the governor had not relied on any sufficient evidence or experien ce for his stand, the author offers the reasons why it is important to accept the ObamaCare. All the nonfiction works introduce various approaches and rhetoric devices to render the main thoughts and ideas concerning the implementation of ACA. Nonfiction reasoning reasons out of the belief that what he thinks about is true. For instance, in the ObamaCare, the nonfiction approach is that the rejection of the plan shall leave many people without insurance and therefore bring real adverse effects. This is the belief among those in support of the plan. The adverse effects are real and non fictional. Despite the predominance of criticism of the law among the right-wing supporters and approval on the part of liberal parties, the argumentation techniques still vary. This is of particular concern to the authors holding the central political outlook on the health care reform introduced by Obama. Critical thinking normally refers to our ability to be able to think about complex ideas on our o wn and come up within conclusions that form the basis of our criticism or support in any argument. It encompasses thinking for ourselves as well as the ability to synthesize the contents and end up with a rational conclusion and deductions.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In such a manner, the author manages to reproduce a persuasive argument and introduce personal assessment of the situation. To support personal observations and reassure the audience in the validity of the argument, some authors apply to numeric data, as it is represented in the article published by Associated Press (1). In this respect, the evidence shows that a combination of subjective and objective evaluations of the issue is effective because it performs two important functions – grabs the audience attention and engages them in the author’s personal opinion. To understand the main concepts and critical ideas on the chosen readings, it is necessary to challenge the assumptions and read thoughts between the lines. The point is that all the presented articles introduce various rhetoric to persuade the audience in the messages they render, as well as to define whether their ideas are well organized and articulated. As an example, Jasper argues, â€Å"Repealing ObamaC are is also absolutely necessary if we hope to avoid national economic collapse† (1). So, what is the connection between the Affordable Care Act and national economic collapse? To explain the issue, the author refers to the analysis of other articles exploring the essence of the reform to conclude that â€Å"health care reform†¦ is jam-packed with dangerous language that will provide federal bureaucrats with vast new powers that are compatible with totalitarian systems of government, but not with the American tradition of liberty† (p. 3). To expand on the point, the author emphasizes that radical position on the reform contradicts the premises of the U.S. constitutions in terms of human rights and freedoms. In this respect, the author makes use of the language to persuade the audience that the given law can create serious challenges to the economic and social welfare of the U.S. nation. In addition, the article is based on the approach of proving the issue from the contrary. Thus, the author first presents the idea of ObamaCare as an essential law and proceeds with heavy criticism of the latter. Proving from the contrary is also reflected in the article by Kirsch (2). Specifically, the article discusses in detail all the benefits and the positive changes that the new law can bring into the healthcare. However, the pitfalls of the reform are still discussed on the background of the highlighted advantages. In this respect, though the Act can provide people with a higher level of living for some layers of the population, the middle-class employees will face the most serious difficulties because the subsidies are not sufficient to allow the employees to purchase the private health care insurance. At a certain angle, Kirsch applies to a sophisticated approach and takes a pseudo-neutral position to attract more readers to the issue. Similar techniques are represented by Lapointe who addresses until the problem as a third party criticizing both the Republicans and Democrats (3). However, despite the criticism of the opposed parties, the article still provides arguments in favor the adoption of the Affordable Care Act. In such a manner, the author explains, â€Å"under the affordable care act of 2010, people with pre-existing conditions would no longer be defined coverage by insurance companies† (Lapointe 3). Despite the fact that the article is published in the newspaper supporting conservative views, it still represents the legislation from a positive perspective. At the same time, the author introduces a contradictory point of views right after enlarging on the positive effects of the presented law. So, why does the author produce an extremely contrasting view with no exact position in regard to the ObamaCare? Apparently, such a position has been chosen to encourage more audience to deliberate on the issue giving no political importance to the reform. Even the last sentence â€Å"America desperately needs healthcare reform, and Obamacare is the answer† does not actually provide a clear response to the exact position of the author toward the health care policies in the United States. The articles under consideration also apply various modes of persuasion to endow their writing speech with a certain tone and to attract specific target audiences. Use of logos, pathos, and ethos vary from one work to another, but certain tendencies are still represented differently with regard to the authors’ political preferences. Political affiliations and assumptions are explicitly represented through the three modes of persuasion being the major tool in delivering messages to the audience. An in-depth analysis of the readings has revealed certain tendencies in the techniques used by the representatives of liberal, central, and conservatives vies. In particular, the representatives of the liberal, left-wing attitudes prefer using ethos to persuade the audience. As a proof, the authors apply mostly t o existing facts and knowledge to base their personal evaluation on. In contrast, the articles published by the New Yorker, the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Wall Street Journal pathos in combination with logos to provoke emotions among the target audience. They rely on moral dimensions and highlight ethical concerns of the reform outcomes. For instance, Gawande (3) makes an accent on the moral conception of the story about a terminally ill patient who does not lose hope during treating lung cancer (3). Using radical methods in treating cancer, the author as if calls the reader to think over new changes and shifts in the health care system. Because of the radical influences, it is purposeful to assume that the author supports the revolutionary approach that should be applied to improve the situation in the country. Finally, the conservative proponents – the Washington Times, the New American, and The American Spectator – choose to use a double approach t o persuading and capturing the attention of their audience and, therefore, they use a combination of pathos and ethos to enhance their articles. While reading the article, the audience should clearly distinguish between personal opinion and exposition of knowledge and facts. To begin with the authors refer to facts and knowledge to enhance the objectivity to the ideas delivered in the article. In such a way, they can capture the attention of the readers who are more interested in the presence of objective evaluation to the event and are skeptical in terms of the authors’ personal argument. In this respect, author’ personal opinion is represented as a subjective dimension in the article. It is obvious that all newspaper articles seek to deliver a subjective opinion on the issue to determine the authors’ position, as well as identify the political beliefs they uphold. With regard to the chosen material for analysis, all the articles deliver subjectivity, but to a different extent. Specifically, much subjectivity is imposed on the story represented by Gawande (3) who introduces a tragic story about women who has a serious form of lung cancer, but who remains optimistic and hopeful. Focusing on emotional dimension, the author makes use of personal opinion to enhance audience’s emotional engagement with the story. In contrast, Jasper is more concerned with representing objective facts and focus on the logic of thoughts exposition. In such a manner, the author manages to persuade the audience that the article represents a strong chain of arguments and assumptions. In particular, the article refers to existing legislation passages to ensure that Obamacare policies cannot be justified in a constitutional way. To contrast and compare, Gawande, a newspaper reporter has produced an emotionally colored story about a terminally ill patient with no reference to ObamaCare policy. In such a manner, the author emphasizes the necessity to introduce p rogressive and revolutionary changes to the medical sphere and medical treatment in general. The writing represented by the Washington Post focus on the deplorable status of the uninsured citizens in the United States. In particular, the author generalizes the negative consequences and refers directly to the shortcomings of Medicaid expansion, which could still leave some layers of the population without health care insurance. In this respect, much concern should be connected with the consistency and reasonableness of the presented policy. In such a way, the given work refuses to support the ObamaCare project because of large-scale negative outcomes. Finally, the Wall Street Journal chooses a neutral position and addresses the debates between Liberal and Conservatives to objectively evaluate the pros and cons of the Affordable Care Act in terms of the racial discrimination policy. At this point, Taranto centers on the problem of political correctness that has come to the forth becau se of the radically introduced reform. Hence choosing various approaches and tools for addressing the issues, the central forces remain neutral toward the reform by introducing the negative and positive outcomes of reform and by criticizing the accusation on the part of conservatives and liberals. Explicit distinctions between personal opinion and facts are represented in the work by Taranto who introduces quotes for the readers’ objective evaluation and provides personal analysis for the audience to contrast and compare it with their own vision of the argument. In conclusion, a critical analysis of the presented articles discovering the liberal and conservative views on ObamaCare policy has revealed explicit tendencies in expressing thoughts and delivering specific concepts. In particular, liberal proponents are more concerned with radical and revolutionary changes that should occur in the country and, therefore, the articles supporting this position uphold the adoption of t he Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Conservative supporters reject the reasonableness of the ObamaCare policy because of the significant economic and political consequences. Their neutral position is taken by the newspapers that introduce the debate from third-party perspectives. In addition, presenting ideas is also followed by the distinct use of ethos, pathos, and logos. In this respect, liberal wing is more concerned with using ethos; conservative activists prefer to make use of pathos. Finally, the central forces refer to mixed modes of persuasion. Despite discrepancies in using rhetoric devices, all the authors have managed to use a combination of objective and subjective observations, which essential for attracting the target audience. Associated Press. â€Å"States Could Leave Millions of Low-Income People Uninsured in a New Medicaid ‘Doughnut Hole.† Washington Post. 2012. Web. washingtonpost.com/business/states-could-leave-millions-of-low-income-peo ple-uninsured-in-a-new-medicaid-doughnut-hole/2012/07/17/gJQAsrKEsW_story.html Clinton, Kate. â€Å"Public Health Care Cures Worry†. The Progressive. 2009. Web. progressive.org/node/134240/2789 Degolia, Rachel. â€Å"†Obamacare† Fight Could Determine Nation’s Future†. People’s World. 2012. Web. http://peoplesworld.org/obamacare-fight-could-determine-nation-s-future/ Gawande, Atul. â€Å"Letting Go: What Should Medicine Do When It Can’t Save Your Life?†. The New Yorker. 2010, Web. newyorker.com/reporting/2010/08/02/100802fa_fact_gawande?currentPage=1 Jasper, William F. â€Å"Repealing Obamacare†. New American. 2010. Web. thenewamerican.com/usnews/health-care/item/1779-repealing-obamacare Kirsch, Richard. â€Å"In Defense of ‘Obamacare’†. The Nation. thenation.com/article/166950/defense-obamacare Lapointe, Mike. â€Å"Obamacare: The Answer to America’s Need for Healthcare Reform†. The Washin gton Times. 2012. Web. http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/americas-political-pulse/2012/jun/24/obamacare-answer-america-need-healthcare-reform/ Rush to Abandon the Poor. The New York Times. 2012. Web. nytimes.com/2012/07/18/opinion/the-rush-to-abandon-the-poor.html?_r=3 Taranto, James. â€Å"Political Correctness and Racial Tension†. The Wall Street Journal. 2012. Web. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304388004577529680052846846.html?KEYWORDS=obamacare Wilson, Andrew B. â€Å"Ten Ways That Obamacare Is Bad Law† The American Spectator. 2012. Web. http://spectator.org/archives/2012/04/03/ten-ways-that-obamacare-is-bad

Chinese Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinese Culture - Essay Example It was therefore only to be expected that it would also make the usual transition from a feudal to a capitalist society much before Europe. However, that was not to be. China's feudal system lasted for about three thousand years - almost three times that of Europe - and when the last dynasty, the Qing, collapsed in the early 20th century, it was largely because the weakened political system, still feudal in nature, could not recover from the successive blows dealt to it by the extraneous capitalist powers that were intent on exploiting the country politically and economically. What is the reason behind such an extraordinary fall from a glorious past From its position as perhaps the earliest mature and technologically advanced civilization in the world, how did China become the 'sick man of Asia', as it was being called by the end of the 19th century Many explanations have been forwarded for this great longevity and continuity of traditional cultural and socials models in China. First, there is the fact that the succession of Chinese dynasties, though they were often established by minority groups or derived from external origins, caused little disruption in the inherited cultural life of the people. The peaceful traditional Chinese way of life always proved to be more powerful than the military might of the conquerors, and conquered them in the end. This gave rise to a great inertia in the lives of the people which was very difficult to break. Consider the Yuan Dynasty, established by Mongols who invaded from the steppe regions in the late third quarter of the 13th century. The native Chinese population was thoroughly intimidated by this warlike tribe. A peace born of resignation and fear, sometimes known as Pax Mongolica, ruled the country. It has been said that so thorough was the conquest that a naked maiden on horseback could ride the length of the country without fear of molestation. Yet even this indomitable tribe finally embraced the Chinese way of life and even their religion. Similarly the Manchu-s in the middle of the 17th century. Secondly, the recalcitrance described in the last point was an obstacle not only to cultural change, but also economic change. Technology is one of the underpinnings of capitalism, and in this respect China was far ahead of the West until the coming of the European renaissance. The Chinese had the world's first hydraulic clock in the 8th century, and by the 11th century their advanced metallurgical industry was producing vast quantities of military grade iron. Yet the successive governments never wavered from the theory that agriculture was the key to the economy. All their economic and fiscal policies favored agriculture to the detriment of industry. Consequently, a proper industrial infrastructure never emerged. Even a market-oriented agriculture can be the basis of a capitalist transformation. But Chinese agriculture was inward-looking. Farmers were not particularly interested in selling products, but lived off the harvest. So a vast portion of the country's production was never involved in the market. The religion of Confucianism, first embraced by the Han emperors of the third century BCE and continuing as the 'state religion' until the fall of imperialism, preached a political and social ideology that instilled a complex retrospective attitude in the populace. Many scholars think that it was one the

Stem Cell Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Stem Cell Research - Essay Example Indeed, when all the fact are in about stem cells, it still a very polarizing debate. On one hand, certain people think the issue is black and white. Theyre certain that using stem cells is morally wrong. They believe it can be solved simply, sometimes by just interpreting the constitution. For many people it is very hard for someone to believe research involving them should be banned. Stem cells offer some of the substantial and important possibilities in the fields of medical science open to us today. I believe we must seize this opportunity. The issue is a nuanced one that society really needs to think about (Herold 22). Whether or not you believe using an embryonic stem cell for research purposes is destroying a potential life, you must admit that it is opening up the possibility for someone else to live longer or better. The world today is more complicated than ever. In part this is because we know more about it than ever before and technology has dramatically shaped our world views. Certain moral questions have exploded in recent years because of the way technology is changing the moral dimensions of our lives. We can now see foetuses in the womb using ultrasound technology and can tell a lot about them and their health early on. We now know that there are certain cells inside the body—called stem cells—that are effectively the building blocks for many different cells. They can become a fetus, they can become a brain cell, or, for example, they can become a skin cell. Some people believe this proves that stem cell research involves killing. They think it is wrong. Other believe that with the right type of manipulation—something scientists are becoming increasingly proficient at—it may be possible for many previously incurable diseases to be dealt with. There are also gre at possibilities involving the generation of organs for transplant, among a